We Have Enough Neurotypical Thinkers Already
PDF

Keywords

VUCA
neurodiversity
Industry 4.0
workplace accommodation
organisational strategy

Categories

How to Cite

Fellows, I. (2025). We Have Enough Neurotypical Thinkers Already: Why Accommodating and Developing a Neurodiverse Workforce is the Right Strategic Approach to Navigating the Fourth Industrial Revolution. GILE Journal of Skills Development, 5(1), 26–47. https://doi.org/10.52398/gjsd.2025.v5.i1.pp26-47

Abstract

With the development of advanced technologies such as Large Language Models (LLMs), 3D printing, the Internet of Things, blockchain technologies, advanced robotics, material ecology and driverless vehicles, the requirements from the workforce of the future will be significantly different from the workforce we have today. This paper explores the potential for organisations to proactively manage this problem by adopting an approach that accommodates a neurodiverse workforce more effectively. Placing the fourth industrial revolution and volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) economy in a broad historical context informs the discussion on why and how this accommodation may be effectively achieved. This paper adds to the knowledge by identifying positive correlations between the emerging labour market and the underleveraged potential of neurodiverse employees. In addition to its constructive recommendations to employers and educators, this paper offers positive guidance to young neurodiverse people entering the labour market.

https://doi.org/10.52398/gjsd.2025.v5.i1.pp26-47
PDF

References

Ackers, P. (2015). Trade unions as professional associations. In S. Johnstone & P. Ackers (Eds.), Finding a voice at work? New perspectives on employment relations (First edition). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199668007.001.0001

Adamczewski, P. (2020). The top ICT-trends to accelerate digital transformation in VUCA-environment. IT for Practice, 5. https://www.cssi-morava.cz/new/doc/IT2020/sbornik.pdf#page=11

Ali, M., Grabarski, M. K., & Baker, M. (2024). An exploratory study of benefits and challenges of neurodivergent employees: roles of knowing neurodivergents and neurodiversity practices. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion. 43(2), 243–267. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-03-2023-0092

Anand, P., & Sevak, P. (2017). The role of workplace accommodations in the employment of people with disabilities. IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 6(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40173-017-0090-4

Ashwin, P. (2024). Why knowledge is central to ‘graduateness’ – implications for research and policy. Policy Reviews in Higher Education, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322969.2024.2434034

Austin, R. D., & Pisano, G. P. (2017). Neurodiversity as a competitive advantage. Harvard Business Review, 95(3), 96–103.

Barker, G. (2006). The agricultural revolution in prehistory: why did foragers become farmers? Oxford University Press.

Baruch, Y., & Rousseau, D.M. (2019). Integrating psychological contracts and ecosystems in career studies and management. Academy of Management Annals, 13(1), 84–111. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2016.0103

Bean, R. (2021). Comparative industrial relations: An introduction to cross-national perspectives. Routledge.

Bender, E.M., & Hanna, A. (2025). The AI Con: How to fight big tech’s hype and create the future we want. Harper Collins.

Bennett, N., & Lemoine, G. J. (2014). What a difference a word makes: Understanding threats to performance in a VUCA world. Business Horizons, 57(3), 311–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2014.01.001

Blanco-Vieira, T., Radua, J., Marcelino, L., Bloch, M., Mataix-Cols, D., & do Rosário, M. C. (2023). The genetic epidemiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Translational Psychiatry, 13(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41398-023-02433-2

Blank, R., Smits-Engelsman, B., Polatajko, H., & Wilson, P. (2012). European Academy for Childhood Disability (EACD): Recommendations on the definition, diagnosis and intervention of developmental coordination disorder (long version). Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 54(1), 54–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04171.x

Botha, M., Chapman, R., Giwa Onaiwu, M., Kapp, S., Ashley, A. & Walker, N. (2024). The neurodiversity concept was developed collectively: An overdue correction on the origins of neurodiversity theory. Autism. 28. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613241237871

Bottema-Beutel, K., Kapp, S. K., Lester, J. N., Sasson, N. J., & Hand, B. N. (2021). Avoiding Ableist language: Suggestions for autism researchers. Autism in Adulthood: Challenges and Management, 3(1), 18–29. https://doi.org/10.1089/aut.2020.0014

Bruyere, S., & Colella, A. (2024). Workplace accommodations and neurodiversity (pp. 181–205). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55072-0_9

Castellucci, G., & Singla, R. (2025). Developmental coordination disorder (Dyspraxia). StatPearls Publishing. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603724/

Chakir, A., Bansal, R., & Azzouazi, M. (Eds.). (2024). Industry 5.0 and emerging technologies: Transformation through technology and innovations, 565. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70996-8

Climie, E. A., & Mastoras, S. M. (2015). ADHD in schools: Adopting a strengths-based perspective. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne, 56(3), 295–300. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000030

CNN Business. (2014, October 2). Elon Musk: Tesla 90% autonomous in 2015 [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EJmhpgW0Dmc

Collins, J. (2023). Revaluing work after COVID-19. Anthropology of Work Review, 44(1), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/awr.12247

Dominguez Lopez, E., & Barrera Rodríguez, S. (2023). Transition and labour in United States: Industry and employment in the changing political economy of knowledge capitalism. Forum for Social Economics. 52. 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/07360932.2023.2207208

Dörr, J. O., Licht, G., & Murmann, S. (2022). Small firms and the COVID-19 insolvency gap. Small Business Economics, 58(2), 887–917. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00514-4

Drange, I., Falkum, E., & Wathne, C. T. (2023). Covid, work reorganisation and trust: The importance of employment relations. Labour and Industry, 33(3), 326–343. https://doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2023.2251220

Ekekwe, N. (2012, May 24). When you can’t innovate, copy. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2012/05/when-you-cant-innovate-copy

Epstein, G. (2024). Silicon Valley’s obsession with AI looks a lot like religion. The MIT Press Reader. Available from https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/silicon-valleys-obsession-with-ai-looks-a-lot-like-religion/ (accessed 1 December 2024)

Fellows, I. (2023). Critical educators should embrace the employability agenda. GiLE Journal of Skills Development, 3, 10–14. https://doi.org/10.52398/gjsd.2023.v3.i1.pp10-14

Fellows, I. (2024). Supporting widening participation students without creating dependency or leaving them unprepared for work in the Neoliberal era: A discussion paper. GILE Journal of Skills Development, 4(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.52398/gjsd.2024.v4.i1.pp95-103

Ferenc, K., Patos, M., Byrka, K., & Król, M. E. (2023). Looking through rainbow-rimmed glasses: Taking neurodiversity perspective is related to subjective well-being of autistic adults. Autism, 27(5), 1348–1361. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221135818

Fosso Wamba, S., Guthrie, C., Queiroz, M. M., & Minner, S. (2024). ChatGPT and generative artificial intelligence: An exploratory study of key benefits and challenges in operations and supply chain management. International Journal of Production Research, 62(16), 5676–5696. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2023.2294116

Friedman, M. (1970, September 13). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine.

Grabarski, M. K., & Shwartz-Asher, D. (2022). The ‘Era of Me’: Design and integration of career paths in an era of self-directed careers. In Engineering the World of Work (pp. 1–20). Edward Elgar Publishing.https://www.elgaronline.com/edcollchap/book/9781839105562/book-part9781839 105562-10.xml

Green, S., Page, A. F., De’ath, P., Pei, E., & Lam, B. (2019). VUCA challenges on the design-engineering student spectrum. DS 95: Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Engineering and Product Design Education (E&PDE 2019), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow. 12th -13th September 2019. 21st International Conference on Engineering & Product Design Education (E&PDE 2019). https://doi.org/10.35199/epde2019.100

Greenstein, J. (2020). The precariat class structure and income inequality among US workers: 1980–2018. Review of Radical Political Economics, 52(3), 447–469. https://doi.org/10.1177/0486613420919250

Greenwood, D. T., & Holt, R. P. F. (2010). Growth, Inequality and Negative Trickle Down. Journal of Economic Issues, 44(2), 403–410. https://doi.org/10.2753/JEI0021-3624440212

Grey, F. (2020). How Rain Man Ruined Autism’s Image. Pfleiderer Humanities Showcase, Heidelberg University, 3.

Grigorenko, E. L., Klin, A., & Volkmar, F. (2003). Annotation: Hyperlexia: disability or superability? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(8), 1079–1091. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00193

Henry, C.D. (2024). How Gaming Built the Metaverse While Big Tech Wasn’t Looking. Forbes. Available from https://www.forbes.com/councils/forbestechcouncil/2024/12/10/how-gaming-built-the-metaverse-while-big-tech-wasnt-looking/ (accessed 13 December 2024)

Hickox, S. A. (2016). Balancing for Accommodations. University of Pennsylvania Journal of Business Law, 19(1), 147–208.

Hite, L. M., & McDonald, K. S. (2020). Careers after COVID-19: Challenges and changes. Human Resource Development International, 23(4), 427–437. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2020.1779576

Horton-Salway, M. (2011). Repertoires of ADHD in UK newspaper media. Health, 15(5), 533–549. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363459310389626

Hui, X., Reshef, O., & Zhou, L. (2024). The short-term effects of generative artificial intelligence on employment: Evidence from an online labor market. Organization Science, 35(6), 1977–1989. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2023.18441

Hyman, R. (2007). How can trade unions act strategically? Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research, 13(2), 193–210. https://doi.org/10.1177/102425890701300204

James, I. (2003). Singular scientists. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 96(1), 36–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/014107680309600112

Johnson, J. & Ahluwalia, S. (2024). Neurodiversity in the healthcare profession, Postgraduate Medical Journal. (pp. 167–171).

https://doi.org/10.1093/postmj/qgae108

Johnson, K. A., Worbe, Y., Foote, K. D., Butson, C. R., Gunduz, A., & Okun, M. S. (2023). Tourette syndrome: Clinical features, pathophysiology, and treatment. The Lancet Neurology, 22(2), 147–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00303-9

Kelemen, T. K., Matthews, S. H., & Breevaart, K. (2020). Leading day-to-day: A review of the daily causes and consequences of leadership behaviors. The Leadership Quarterly, 31(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.101344

Ker, G., & van Gorp, R. (2023). Embracing neurodiversity: Supporting learners to success. Contemporary Research Topics, 5, 36–45. https://doi.org/10.34074/scop.6005003

Krzeminska, A., Austin, R. D., Bruyère, S. M., & Hedley, D. (2019). The advantages and challenges of neurodiversity employment in organizations. Journal of Management & Organization, 25(4), 453–463. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2019.58

Lasi, H., Fettke, P., Kemper, H.-G., Feld, T., & Hoffmann, M. (2014). Industry 4.0. Business & Information Systems Engineering, 6(4), 239–242. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12599-014-0334-4

LeFevre-Levy, R., Melson-Silimon, A., Harmata, R., Hulett, A. L., & Carter, N. T. (2023). Neurodiversity in the workplace: Considering neuroatypicality as a form of diversity. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 16(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2022.86

Linton, D. (1992). The Luddites: How did they get that bad reputation? Labor History, 33(4), 529–537. https://doi.org/10.1080/00236569200890281

Lorenz, T., & Heinitz, K. (2014). Aspergers – different, not less: Occupational strengths and job interests of individuals with Asperger’s syndrome. PLOS ONE, 9(6), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100358

Macdonald, E., Salas, R., Espalin, D., Perez, M., Aguilera, E., Muse, D., & Wicker, R. B. (2014). 3D printing for the rapid prototyping of structural electronics. IEEE Access, 2, 234–242.

Maestas, N., Mullen, K. J., & Rennane, S. (2019). Unmet need for workplace accommodation. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 38(4), 1004–1027. https://doi.org/10.1002/pam.22148

Martin, N. (2012). Unusual talent. Journal of Inclusive Practice in Further and Higher Education, 4(1), 57–76.

McGowan, K., & Geobey, S. (2022). “Harmful to the commonality”: The Luddites, the distributional effects of systems change and the challenge of building a just society. Social Enterprise Journal, 18(2), 306–320. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEJ-11-2020-0118

McLean, S., Read, G. J. M., Thompson, J., Baber, C., Stanton, N. A., & Salmon, P. M. (2023). The risks associated with Artificial General Intelligence: A systematic review. Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial Intelligence, 35(5), 649–663. https://doi.org/10.1080/0952813X.2021.1964003

Means, A. J. (2017). Education for a post-work future: Automation, precarity and stagnation. Knowledge Cultures, 5(01), 21–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6225-5_16

Milton D. (2012). On the ontological status of autism: The ‘double empathy problem’. Disability and Society, 27(3), 883–887. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2012.710008

Milton, D., Gurbuz, E., & López, B. (2022). The ‘double empathy problem’: Ten years on. Autism, 26(8), 1901–1903. https://doi.org/10.1177/13623613221129123

Mohajan, H. (2021). Third industrial revolution brings global development. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities,7(4), 239–251.

Molloy, R., Smith, C. L., & Wozniak, A. (2024). Changing stability in U.S. employment relationships: A tale of two tails. Journal of Human Resources, 59(1), 35–69. https://doi.org/10.3368/jhr.0821-11843

Monlouis, J. (1998). The future of telecommunications operator alliances. Telecommunications Policy, 22(8), 635–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-5961(98)00043-3

More, A. B. (2024). Generative AI: The impact, Possibilities, and difficulties. In J. Gomathi Sankar & A. David (Eds.), Generative AI and implications for ethics, security, and data management (pp. 17–46). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.

Morris, S., Murphy, H., & Hodgson, C. (2024, August 2). Big Tech groups say their $100bn AI spending spree is just beginning. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/b7037ce1-4319-4a4a-8767-0b1373cec9ce

Munir, Z., White, A., Wells, P., Wheatley, J., Nriapia, H., & Russell, G. (2025, January 28). DeepSeek sell-off - as it happened: Nvidia notches record $589bn mark…. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/674758d7-ffdf-4b88-bb73-f539b56ac4b1

Murray, F. (2024). How Wikipedia Systematically Misleads People About Autism. Thinking Person’s Guide to Autism. Available from https://thinkingautismguide.com/2024/11/how-wikipedia-systematically-misleads-people-about-autism.html (accessed 10 December 2024)

Narula, R. (2024). From the editor: On writing a perspectives article—what they are, what they are not (and what they should be). Journal of International Business Policy, 7(3), 253–259. https://doi.org/10.1057/s42214-024-00191-6

Nevala, N., Pehkonen, I., Virtanen, M., Mattila-Holappa, P., & Juvonen-Posti, P. (2024). Developing a work accommodation operating model for workplaces and work ability support services. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 35. (pp. 116–124). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-024-10193-z

Nguyen, W., Ownsworth, T., Nicol, C., & Zimmerman, D. (2020). How I see and feel about myself: Domain-specific self-concept and self-esteem in autistic adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00913

Nierenberg, A. A., Agustini, B., Köhler-Forsberg, O., Cusin, C., Katz, D., Sylvia, L. G., Peters, A., & Berk, M. (2023). Diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder: A review. JAMA, 330(14), 1370–1380. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.18588

Nisco, M. (2024). Disability in EU’s institutional discourse: An analysis of terminology. Terminology. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Issues in Specialized Communication. 30. 107–133. https://doi.org/10.1075/term.00079.nis

O’Donnell, J. (2024, December 10). AI’s hype and antitrust problem is coming under scrutiny. MIT Technology Review. Available from https://www.technologyreview.com/2024/12/10/1108141/ ais-hype-and-antitrust-problem-is-coming-under-scrutiny/

OECD. (2024). PISA 2022 Results (Volume V): Learning strategies and attitudes for life. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Available from https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org /education/pisa-2022-results-volume-v_c2e44201-en

Office for National Statistics (2022) Outcomes for disabled people in the UK: 2021. Available from https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/healthandsocialcare/disability/articles/outcomesfordisabledpeopleintheuk/2021 (accessed 10 October 2024).

Ogilvie, S. (2014). The economics of Guilds. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 28(4), 169–192. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.28.4.169

Olcott, E., & Wu, Z. (2024, January 24). How small Chinese AI start-up DeepSeek shocked Silicon Valley. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/747a7b11-dcba-4aa5-8d25-403f56216d7e

Oliver, M. (1982). A new model of the social work role in relation to disability. In J. Campling (Ed.), The Handicapped Person: A New Perspective for Social Workers RADAR. https://disability-studies.leeds.ac.uk/wp-content/ uploads/sites/40/library/Campling-handicppaed.pdf

Pauceanu, A. M., Rabie, N., & Ayman, M. (2020). Employability under the fourth industrial revolution. Economics and Sociology, 3. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2020/13-3/17

Paul, J., Lim, W. M., O’Cass, A., Hao, A. W., & Bresciani, S. (2021). Scientific procedures and rationales for systematic literature reviews (SPAR-4-SLR). International Journal of Consumer Studies, 45(4), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12695

Pichler, C. (2023). Old and new forms of precariat—Upheavals in the world of work during the COVID-19 pandemic. In Work, Precarity and COVID-19 (pp. 17–33). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden.

Pinilla-Roncancio, M., & Caicedo, N. (2022). Legislation on disability and employment: To what extent are employment rights guaranteed for persons with disabilities? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 19(9). 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095654

Piscalkiene, V., Al-Wardat, M., Bartusiene, D., Jotautis, V., Lamsodiene, E., Spudyte, I., Liepinaitiene, A., & Navickiene, L. (2024). Exploring the neurodiversity of Lithuanian college students and its link to learning difficulties and supporting measures. BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, 15(4), 338–353. https://doi.org/10.70594/brain/15.4/23

Rane, J., Kaya, Ö., Mallick, S. K., & Rane, N. L. (2024). Impact of ChatGPT and similar generative artificial intelligence on several business sectors: Applications, opportunities, challenges, and future prospects. Deep Science Publishing. https://doi.org/10.70593/978-81-981271-7-4_2

Ring, S. (2024, March 25). Companies seek legal help to deal with sharp rise in neurodiversity claims from staff. Financial Times. https://www.ft.com/content/29728b03-ffac-49c0-a98b-f1f372328175

Ruppel, E. (2024). The making of a reserve army of labor: Paradoxes of American disability policy. Critical Sociology. https://doi.org/10.1177/08969205241246446

Russell, B., & Einstein, A. (1955, July 9). Statement: The Russell-Einstein Manifesto. https://ia802901.us.archive.org/4/items/b.russelltherusselleinsteinmanifesto_491_w/B.%20Russell%20-%20The%20Russell-Einstein%20Manifesto.pdf

Sanyal, S. & Sathis Kumar, G. (2025). The digital transformation of work: How will automation alter future workplaces? In D. Thangam (Ed.), Advancements in intelligent process automation (pp. 1–22). IGI Global Scientific Publishing.

Schoon, I., & Henseke, G. (2023). Navigating an uncertain future: How schools can support career adaptability of young people in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Zeitschrift für Psychologie, 231(3), 217–227. https://doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000530

Schwab, K. (2016). The Fourth Industrial Revolution. Crown Business.

Sefsermak (2011, March 14). Neurotypical personality disorder [Online forum post]. https://www.psychforums.com/asperger-syndrome/topic60962.html

Shet, S. V. (2024). A VUCA-ready workforce: Exploring employee competencies and learning and development implications. Personnel Review, 53(3), 674–703. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-10-2023-0873

Smith, D. (1999). The fourth industrial revolution. In Workshop on Embedded Systems (Workshop on Embedded Systems).

Solis, B., Li, C., & Szymanski, J. (2014). The 2014 state of digital transformation. Altimeter Group.

Spirkin, A. (1983). Dialectical materialism. Progress Publishers. https://www.marxists.org/reference /archive/spirkin/works/dialectical-materialism/index.html

Stevenson, B. (2019). Artificial Intelligence, income, employment, and meaning: Betsey Stevenson. In A. Agrawal, J. Gans, & A. Goldfarb (Eds.), The economics of Artificial Intelligence: An agenda (pp. 189–196). University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226613475.003.0007

Stiglitz, J. E. (2019). The end of neoliberalism and the rebirth of history. Project Syndicate, 4(11), 1–2.

Sulaimani, M. F., & Gut, D. M. (2019). Hidden curriculum in a special education context: The case of individuals with autism. Journal of Educational Research and Practice. 9(1), 30–39. https://doi.org/10.5590/JERAP.2019.09.1.03

Sundaram, R., Ziade, D. J., & Quinn, D. E. (2020). Drivers of Change: An Examination of Factors That Prompt Managers to Enforce Changes in Business. International Journal of Management, 11(5), 22–30.

Takeda, Y. (1991). Cooperation of government, industry and academia in research and development activities in Japan, looking toward the 21st century. International Journal of Technology Management, 6(5–6), 450–458.

Taran, Y. (2023). The challenge of authentic leadership in a volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous business environment. In R. V. Turcan, J. E. Reilly, K. M. Jørgensen, Y. Taran, & A. I. Bujac (Eds.), The emerald handbook of authentic leadership (pp. 125–144). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80262-013-920231004

Thambinathan, V., & Kinsella, E. A. (2021). Decolonizing methodologies in qualitative research: Creating spaces for transformative praxis. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069211014766

Van Rijswijk, J., Cur?eu, P. L., & van Oortmerssen, L. A. (2024). Cognitive and neurodiversity in groups: A systemic and integrative review. Small Group Research, 55(1), 44–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964231213564

Visser, J. (2024). Will they rise again? Four scenarios for the future of trade unions. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 45(3), 629–652. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143831X231178850

Wang, Y. (2023). The Large Language Model (LLM) paradox: Job creation and loss in the age of advanced AI. TechRxiv. https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.24085824.v1

Ward, A. (Host) (2022, February 23). Part 1: Attention-Deficit Neuropsychology (ADHD) with Russell Barkley [Audio podcast] Ologies with Alie Ward. https://podcasts.apple.com/gb/podcast/part-1-attention-deficit-neuropsychology-adhd-with/id1278815517?i=1000551940708

Westley, F. R., Tjornbo, O., Schultz, L., Olsson, P., Folke, C., Crona, B., & Bodin, Ö. (2013). A theory of transformative agency in linked social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 18(3). https://www.jstor.org/stable/26269375

Wolanin, M. (2022). Competencies of top management, and the needs of 21st century enterprises in a VUCA world. VUZF Review, 7(2), 170–182.

Wright, A. D. (2016). Autism speaks, and employers listen. HR Magazine, 61(8), 60–64.

Xu, M., David, J. M., & Kim, S. H. (2018). The fourth industrial revolution: Opportunities and challenges. International Journal of Financial Research, 9(2), 90–95. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v9n2p90

Zhang, C. & Yang, J. (2020). Second industrial revolution. A history of mechanical engineering, 137–195.

Zitron, E. (Host). (2024, December 6). The coming generative AIPocalypse [Audio podcast]. Better Offline.https://open.spotify.com/episode/2yiXvuxGQuCV3T7bB7q9c8?si=HPY3WprkQjK6WMVVNwMneg

Zubair, W., Abbassi, F. A., & Jamil., M. (2023). Adapting to the digital revolution: The transformative impact of the fourth industrial revolution on debt payment. Forman Journal of Economic Studies, 19(2). 109–128. https://doi.org/10.32368/FJES.20231910

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Copyright (c) 2025 Ian Fellows